To contrast, others have maintained that extreme xenophobia should not be labelled as a mental health condition as they argue it is a social problem rather than a health issue (Bell, 2004). The researcher therefore proposes there be a ‘Prejudice type’ under the criteria of delusional disorder which can account for extreme xenophobic attitudes and behaviours. The reasoning behind this is that extreme violence because of xenophobia should be indicative of a mental health condition and to not view extreme xenophobia as pathological can normalise and legitimise these views. Poussaint (2002) suggested that extreme xenophobic attitudes should be considered a sub-type of delusional disorder. Some researchers have debated over whether xenophobia should be given its own criteria or made a sub-type of another condition. PATHOLOGICAL FEAR EXAMPLES MANUALXenophobia is not recognised as a mental health condition since there is no criteria for it in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). report this ad Is Xenophobia a Mental Disorder? Xenophobia can therefore lead to negative experiences at the individual and the social level. Xenophobia could also result in people feeling excluded from the culture they wish to live in or even violence in the most extreme cases. Xenophobia is an issue as this type of thinking separates people into insiders and outsiders, which can ultimately cause attitudes such as fear, hate, and humiliation. Whilst racism is the belief that one race is superior to another, xenophobia is the hatred of outsiders based on fear, which could then result in feelings of superiority to those outsiders. Someone who is xenophobic may feel uncomfortable being in the presence of people from a different group, refuse to be friends or associates with these individuals, may not take outgroup individuals seriously, or may believe their own ingroup is superior to the outgroup. This can typically stem from the deep-rooted belief that there is a conflict between the individual’s ingroup and the outgroups. Although these types of prejudice are based on specific characteristics someone has, xenophobia is different in the sense that it is the perception that members of the outgroup are foreign to the ingroup. Often, there are overlaps between xenophobia and forms of prejudice including racism and homophobia. Xenophobia can often intersect with a person’s race, ethnicity, nationality and any aspects that may be used to distinguish people as ‘others. Xenophobia is a general term which can be applied to any fear of someone who is different from the individual. It also originates from the word ‘phobos’, meaning phobia. Xenophobia originates from the Greek word ‘xenos’, which means ‘foreign’ in the most standard definition, although it can also be interpreted as ‘guest’ depending on the context.
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